PostgreSQL是一個功能強大的開源關聯式資料庫管理系統，被廣泛用於現代軟體開發中。由一個專業的志願者團隊開發，PostgreSQL 提供了一套強大的功能和性能，使其成為各種規模企業和組織的熱門選擇。

PostgreSQL 的一個關鍵優勢是它能夠輕鬆處理大型和複雜的數據集。它可以以多種格式存儲和管理數據，包括文本、圖片、音頻和視頻。此外，PostgreSQL 支援先進的數據類型，如陣列、hstore 和 JSON，允許開發者以更靈活和直觀的方式處理結構化和非結構化數據。

由於支持用戶定義的函數、儲存過程和觸發器，PostgreSQL 也高度可定制和可擴展。這使得它成為構建需要自定義邏輯和處理的複雜應用程式的理想選擇。

PostgreSQL 的另一個重要特點是其強大的安全模型。它提供了一系列安全選項，包括加密、SSL 連接和基於角色的訪問控制，這使開發人員能夠確保他們的數據免受未經授權的訪問。

除了其技術能力之外，PostgreSQL 還受益於一個充滿活力且活躍的開發者和用戶社群。這個社群為 PostgreSQL 用戶提供了豐富的資源和支持，包括文檔、論壇和用戶群組。

PostgreSQL 是一個可靠、強大且靈活的數據庫管理系統，非常適合各種應用和使用案例。無論您是在構建小型網絡應用還是大型企業系統，PostgreSQL 都提供您成功所需的可擴展性、靈活性和安全性。

主要特點：

• 可靠的交易（ACID 合規性）
• 易於擴展用戶自定義函數和數據類型
• 有效處理多個並發交易
• 可透過分區和分片進行擴展
• 用於快速數據檢索的高級索引選項
• 全文檢索功能
• 支持結構化和半結構化數據（JSON 和 JSONB 數據類型）
• 透過 FDWs 無縫整合外部資料來源
• 內建複製功能，便於設定複製
• 強而有力的安全機制來保護敏感數據。

• Fix VACUUM's tests to see whether it can update relfrozenxid
• Fix multiple bugs in MultiXactId freezing
• Fix initialization of pg_clog and pg_subtrans during hot standby startup
• Fix multiple bugs in update chain traversal
• Fix dangling-pointer problem in fast-path locking
• Fix assorted race conditions in timeout management
• Truncate pg_multixact contents during WAL replay
• Ensure an anti-wraparound VACUUM counts a page as scanned when it's only verified that no tuples need freezing
• Fix full-table-vacuum request mechanism for MultiXactIds
• Fix race condition in GIN index posting tree page deletion
• Fix "unexpected spgdoinsert() failure" error during SP-GiST index creation
• Fix assorted bugs in materialized views
• Re-allow duplicate table aliases if they're within aliased JOINs
• Avoid flattening a subquery whose SELECT list contains a volatile function wrapped inside a sub-SELECT
• Fix planner's processing of non-simple-variable subquery outputs nested within outer joins
• Fix incorrect planning in cases where the same non-strict expression appears in multiple WHERE and outer JOIN equality clauses
• Fix planner crash with whole-row reference to a subquery
• Fix incorrect generation of optimized MIN()/MAX() plans for inheritance trees
• Fix premature deletion of temporary files
• Prevent intra-transaction memory leak when printing range values
• Fix memory leaks when reloading configuration files
• Prevent incorrect display of dropped columns in NOT NULL and CHECK constraint violation messages
• Allow default arguments and named-argument notation for window functions
• Suppress trailing whitespace on each line when pretty-printing rules and views
• Fix possible read past end of memory in rule printing
• Fix array slicing of int2vector and oidvector values
• Return a valid JSON value when converting an empty hstore value to json
• Fix incorrect behaviors when using a SQL-standard, simple GMT offset timezone
• Prevent possible misbehavior when logging translations of Windows error codes
• Properly quote generated command lines in pg_ctl
• Fix pg_dumpall to work when a source database sets default_transaction_read_only via ALTER DATABASE SET
• Fix pg_isready to handle its -d option properly
• Fix parsing of WAL file names in pg_receivexlog
• Report out-of-disk-space failures properly in pg_upgrade
• Make ecpg search for quoted cursor names case-sensitively
• Fix ecpg's processing of lists of variables declared varchar
• Make contrib/lo defend against incorrect trigger definitions
• Update time zone data files to tzdata release 2013h for DST law changes in Argentina, Brazil, Jordan, Libya, Liechtenstein, Morocco, and Palestine. Also, new timezone abbreviations WIB, WIT, WITA for Indonesia